Jurnal Kesehatan, Rekam Medis dan Farmasi (JUK-Medifa)

Development of Sun Screen Gel Formulation from Secang Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

2026-07-09T02:41:59+00:00

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause oxidative stress, premature aging, and even skin cancer, so it is necessary to develop sunscreens based on natural ingredients that are safe and effective. Secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is known to contain phenolic compounds and brazilin which have antioxidant activity and have the potential as photoprotective agents. This study aims to develop a sunscreen gel formulation from ethanol extract of secang wood and evaluate its antioxidant activity, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, physical characteristics, and stability. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using 96% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, while sunscreen activity was analyzed in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with the Mansur method. The gel was formulated in four formulas with varying extract concentrations (0.85% and 1.7%) and Carbopol (0.75% and 1%). Evaluation of the preparation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, syneresis, spreadability, adhesion, and accelerated stability. The results showed that the ethanol extract of sappanwood has strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 58.503 µg/mL. The SPF values of the extract at concentrations of 500, 850, and 1000 ppm were 49.59; 46.64; and 45.86, respectively, which are included in the high protection category. The SPF value of the gel preparation ranged from 15.11 to 22.36, with formula F2 (0.85% extract and 1% Carbopol) producing the highest SPF value of 22.355 ± 0.085. All formulas met the physical quality requirements of topical preparations with a pH range of 4.59-4.91, viscosity of 122.8-283.7 P, spreadability of 4.40-5.38 cm, and adhesiveness of 4.3-4.6 seconds. The results of the study indicate that the ethanol extract of sappanwood has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen in the form of a stable, safe, and effective gel preparation.

Factors Influencing the Success of E-prescribing in Hospitals: A Literature Review

2026-07-01T17:20:01+00:00

Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) is an information technology–based innovation in healthcare systems aimed at improving patient safety and quality of care, particularly in the medication prescribing process. The implementation of e-prescribing in hospitals has been shown to reduce medication errors; However, its success is influenced by various complex and multidimensional factors. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting the successful implementation of e-prescribing in hospitals using a literature review approach. The results indicate that the success of e-prescribing implementation is influenced by individual factors (knowledge, attitudes, and user skills), technological factors (system quality, user interface design, and clinical decision support systems), organizational factors (management support, infrastructure readiness, and workflow), and policy factors (regulations and interoperability standards). Additionally, several barriers were identified, including limited infrastructure, user resistance, alert fatigue, and technology-induced errors that may affect system effectiveness. Therefore, a comprehensive and integrated approach is required to optimize the implementation of e-prescribing in improving patient safety and healthcare service quality in hospitals.

The Relationship Between Spirituality and Suicide Incidence Among Adolescents: A Literature Review

2026-07-13T09:06:25+00:00

This study aims to systematically review the relationship between spirituality and suicide occurrence in adolescents. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2013 and 2023. After screening 287 records, 16 observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) involving 58,674 adolescents from various countries, including Indonesia, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (13/16) demonstrated a significant negative association between spirituality and suicidal ideation, attempts, and completed suicide. Dimensions of meaning in life and positive religious coping emerged as the strongest protective factors. Spirituality reduced suicide risk by up to 55% through mechanisms of enhanced resilience, hope, moral objections, emotion regulation, and faith-based social support. These protective effects were stronger in highly religious sociocultural contexts. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating spiritual assessment and spiritually integrated interventions into adolescent suicide prevention programs, particularly in settings where religious values are salient. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence and highlights the multidimensional role of spirituality as a protective factor against youth suicide.

The Relationship Between Pain and Sleep Quality in Postoperative Patients During Surgical Treatment at Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid General Hospital, Makassar

2026-07-15T15:47:25+00:00

Background: Pain is one of the most common complaints experienced by patients after surgery and can negatively affect sleep quality during the recovery period. Sleep disturbances caused by pain may delay the healing process, increase the risk of complications, and reduce patient comfort. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pain intensity and sleep quality among postoperative patients in the surgical ward of Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid General Hospital, Makassar. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 74 postoperative patients were selected using the Slovin formula. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyzes with the Chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced moderate pain (45.9%) and poor sleep quality (66.2%). The Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between pain intensity and sleep quality among postoperative patients (p = 0.001). All respondents with severe pain had poor sleep quality, whereas most respondents with mild pain had good sleep quality. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between pain intensity and sleep quality among postoperative patients. The higher the pain intensity experienced, the poorer the sleep quality. Optimal pain management is an essential component of nursing care to improve sleep quality and support faster recovery in postoperative patients.

Profile of Serum Folate Levels in Various Severity Degrees of Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan

2026-07-28T08:40:46+00:00

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and excessive immune system activation. Folic acid plays a role in DNA synthesis and cell division processes. Keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis can affect serum folic acid levels, but previous studies have shown varying results. The aim of this study was to determine the serum folic acid level profile in patients with various degrees of psoriasis vulgaris severity at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital in Medan. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 11 respondents at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital in Medan. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the early-to-late adulthood age group (54.5%) with an average serum folate level of 9.1 ng/mL. Based on gender, the majority of respondents were female (63.6%) with an average serum folate level of 9.5 ng/mL. Based on the severity of vulgaris psoriasis, most respondents were in the mild category (72.7%) with an average serum folic acid level of 9 ng/mL, while those in the moderate category (27.3%) had an average level of 8 ng/mL. It can be concluded that all respondents (100%) in this study had serum folic acid levels in the normal range.

Determinants of Psychological Health among Shipyard Workers: A Literature Review

2026-07-18T15:28:58+00:00

Psychological health is an important occupational health issue among shipyard workers, who may be exposed to multiple physical, environmental, psychosocial, and organizational demands. However, evidence regarding the determinants of psychological health in this occupational group remains fragmented. This literature review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on organizational, psychosocial, environmental, work-related, and individual factors associated with psychological health and related work outcomes among shipyard workers. A literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest in July 2026 using English and Indonesian keywords. Studies published between 2016 and 2026 were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven original research articles were included and descriptively synthesized. The findings indicated that psychological health among shipyard workers was associated with multiple determinants, including safety climate, supervisor support, organizational roles, career development, workload, psychological demands, social support, work–life balance, noise exposure, job control, environmental risks, time perspective, age, and education. These factors were associated with work stress, burnout, psychological strain, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, absenteeism, presenteeism, and safety performance. In conclusion, psychological health among shipyard workers is multifactorial and requires comprehensive occupational health strategies integrating workplace hazard control, organizational support, improved work design, and psychosocial interventions.

The Effect of Diabetes Exercise on Blood Sugar Level Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Peuniti Village

2026-07-18T15:28:19+00:00

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death. This disease also has an impact on societies globally, negatively affecting quality of life as well as relationships between individuals and within communities. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia stands at 1.7 per cent, with type 1 diabetes accounting for 16.9 per cent and type 2 diabetes for 50.25 per cent. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by various factors. Therefore, efforts to control blood glucose levels, including through diabetes exercise therapy, are essential. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes exercise therapy on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in Peuniti Village, Banda Aceh City. A quantitative research method was employed, utilising a single-group quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test approach. The population comprised 29 individuals with gastritis, and the sample consisted of 15 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Peuniti Village, Baiturrahman Sub-district, Banda Aceh City, selected using purposive sampling. This study was conducted from 24 May to 29 July 2025. The data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis with a paired t-test. The results of the study showed that, prior to the physical exercise programme for people with diabetes, the respondents’ average blood glucose level was 232.3 mg/dl, whilst after the programme, it fell to 219.3 mg/dl—a reduction of 13.2 mg/dl. Based on the results of the statistical test, it was found that p = 0.000 < 0.05. In conclusion, there is a significant effect of exercise on diabetes

The Effect of NLRP3 Inflammasome on Wound Healing

2026-07-27T11:19:34+00:00

Wound healing is a complex biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. One of the key regulators of the inflammatory phase is the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that plays a role in the activation of caspase-1 and the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1.β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), as well as the induction of pyroptosis. Physiological activation of NLRP3 is required to initiate an immune response, but excessive activation can prolong inflammation and inhibit the wound healing process. Therefore, studying the effect of the NLRP3 inflammasome on wound healing is important as a basis for developing inflammation-modulating therapies. This study used a literature review method by examining 25 scientific articles published in 2022–2026. The literature search was conducted through the PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Frontiers, Nature Publishing Group, and MDPI databases using keywords related to NLRP3 inflammasome, wound healing, pyroptosis, diabetic wound, and inflammation. Data were analyzed descriptively narratively to identify the mechanism of NLRP3 activation, its role in wound healing, and potential therapies targeting this pathway. The results of the synthesis indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response during wound healing. Inflammasome activation is required in the early phase for pathogen elimination and clearance of damaged tissue, but excessive activation increases IL-1 production.β, IL-18, and pyroptosis, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. Various studies have shown that modulating NLRP3 using probiotics, natural compounds, hydrogels, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and exosomes can suppress inflammation, enhance tissue regeneration, and accelerate wound healing, especially in diabetic wounds, burns, and radiation injuries. The NLRP3 inflammasome has a dual role in wound healing: it acts as a key regulator of the inflammatory response and as a factor that can inhibit tissue regeneration if overactivated. Modulating NLRP3 activity is a promising therapeutic strategy to accelerate wound healing by controlling inflammation and enhancing tissue regeneration.