Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi

Strategies for the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Humbang Hasundutan Regency

Elsina Sihombing — 2026-05-30

Inclusive education is an educational approach that provides equal opportunities for all students, including children with special needs, to obtain proper educational services without discrimination. This study aims to describe the implementation of inclusive education in schools, covering the learning process, the role of teachers, facilities and infrastructure, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of inclusive education in schools has been carried out fairly well through curriculum adjustments, the use of flexible learning methods, and collaboration among teachers, parents, and the school. Teachers play an important role in creating a friendly learning environment that supports the diversity of students. However, the implementation of inclusive education still faces several obstacles, such as limited teacher competence in handling students with special needs, inadequate supporting facilities, and the lack of special assistant teachers. Therefore, continuous training for teachers, the provision of adequate facilities, and supportive school policies are needed so that inclusive education can be implemented optimally. This study is expected to serve as a reference for strategies in developing inclusive education in schools.

Theological Anthropology of the Heart in Dilexit Nos: Its Relevance to the Contemporary Crisis of Empathy

Bertolomeus N.A.P. Ngita — 2025-06-30

This article examines the theological anthropology of the heart in Pope Francis' Encyclical Dilexit Nos and its relevance to the contemporary crisis of empathy. Amid the growing influence of individualism, pragmatism, and the erosion of authentic human relationships, the study argues that this crisis is fundamentally anthropological, rooted in humanity's loss of orientation toward God as the source of love and communion. Employing qualitative library research within the framework of systematic dogmatic theology, the study analyzes Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, the Magisterium of the Church—particularly the Catechism of the Catholic Church—together with the Encyclical Dilexit Nos. The findings demonstrate that, according to Catholic teaching, the heart is the deepest center of the human person, where intellect, conscience, freedom, will, and love are integrated in communion with God. In continuity with Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium, Dilexit Nos presents the Heart of Christ as the fullest revelation of divine love and as the anthropological paradigm for the renewal of the human person. Consequently, the transformation of the heart becomes the foundation of personal conversion, ecclesial communion, and social solidarity. This study concludes that Dilexit Nos represents the contemporary maturation of the Church's doctrinal reflection on the theological anthropology of the heart and offers a coherent dogmatic framework for responding to the crisis of empathy in the contemporary world.

Patterns and Social Drivers of Code-Switching Among Yoruba Speakers in Nigeria: an Empirical Study

Raphael Idowu Ibiowotisi — 2026-07-21

This study examines patterns of code-switching among Yoruba speakers in Nigeria and explores the social factors that shape this widespread linguistic practice within contemporary multilingual settings. Specifically, it investigates the dominant forms of code-switching, the social variables influencing language choice among Yoruba–English bilinguals, and the communicative functions that switching serves in everyday interaction. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative data collected from 200 participants in urban and semi-urban communities. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires, recorded natural conversations, and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that code-switching between Yoruba and English is pervasive, with occasional integration of Nigerian Pidgin, reflecting the multilingual character of contemporary Nigerian society. Both inter-sentential and intra-sentential code-switching emerged as the most frequent patterns. Rather than occurring randomly, language alternation is closely associated with social variables such as age, educational attainment, occupation, and communicative setting. The analysis further shows that speakers use code-switching strategically to negotiate identity, express prestige, accommodate interlocutors, and adapt to the linguistic expectations of particular social domains. Younger and more highly educated participants displayed greater flexibility in alternating between Yoruba and English, often using English to project modernity, professional identity, and upward social mobility. By contrast, older speakers showed a stronger preference for Yoruba, particularly in culturally significant and interpersonal interactions. Beyond reflecting bilingual competence, code-switching functions as an important pragmatic resource for emphasis, clarification, rapport building, and effective communication in multilingual discourse. The study therefore argues that code-switching should not be viewed as evidence of linguistic deficiency but as a socially meaningful and communicatively effective practice arising from sustained language contact. By contributing fresh empirical evidence from the Yoruba speech community, the study advances discussions on bilingualism, language contact, and linguistic hybridity in postcolonial Africa. It also offers insights that are relevant to language planning, multilingual education, and ongoing efforts to promote the vitality of indigenous Nigerian languages in an increasingly globalised linguistic environment.

The Effect of Overconfidence Behavior on Investment Decision-Making Among Indonesian Investors

Khoirunnisa Virgiana Khan — 2026-07-22

Investment decision-making plays a crucial role in achieving optimal financial outcomes. However, investors frequently make irrational decisions due to psychological biases, one of which is overconfidence behavior. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of overconfidence behavior on investment decision-making among Indonesian investors. A quantitative research approach with an explanatory design was employed. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 52 investors selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments consisted of a six-item Overconfidence Behavior scale and a twelve-item Investment Decision-Making scale measured using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing, normality testing, and simple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 24. The findings reveal that the measurement instruments are reliable, with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.809 and 0.914, respectively, and that the data satisfy the normality assumption. Hypothesis testing indicates that overconfidence behavior has a significant positive effect on investment decision-making (F = 49.141; p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.496) demonstrates that overconfidence behavior explains 49.6% of the variance in investment decision-making, while the remaining 50.4% is influenced by other factors. These findings support Behavioral Finance Theory by confirming that psychological biases significantly influence investment decisions and suggest that investors should balance self-confidence with objective financial analysis and comprehensive risk assessment.

Optimizing Environmental Governance Towards a HIBRIDA Barru: A Collaborative Governance Approach to Sustainable Development

A. Pananrangi, M — 2026-07-24

Environmental governance has become a strategic issue in achieving sustainable development, particularly in regions facing increasing environmental challenges and demands for inclusive governance. The concept of a HIBRIDA Barru emphasizes the integration of environmental sustainability, technological innovation, and community participation as a foundation for regional development. This study aims to analyze the optimization of environmental governance towards the realization of a HIBRIDA Barru through a collaborative governance approach. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to explore the roles and interactions of key stakeholders, including local government agencies, community organizations, the private sector, and environmental groups. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis and were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The findings reveal that collaborative governance has played a significant role in strengthening environmental management by fostering stakeholder participation, enhancing coordination mechanisms, and promoting shared responsibility in environmental protection efforts. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies and community-based environmental initiatives has improved environmental monitoring, resource management, and public awareness. However, challenges remain, including limited institutional capacity, resource constraints, and varying levels of stakeholder commitment. The study concludes that optimizing environmental governance through collaborative governance provides an effective framework for achieving sustainable development and advancing the HIBRIDA Barru vision. Strengthening cross-sector collaboration, improving digital infrastructure, and enhancing community engagement are essential for ensuring long-term environmental sustainability and regional resilience.

Understanding Career Cushioning Underorganizational Instability: Job Crafting as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Instability and Employee Engagement

Supar Wasesa — 2026-07-30

The phenomenon of career cushioning, defined as employees' tendency to discreetly prepare alternative career opportunities without informing their current employer, has become increasingly prevalent in the wake of widespread layoffs and ongoing global economic uncertainty. This conceptual article aims to develop a theoretical framework that explains the relationships among perceived organizational instability, employee engagement, career cushioning, and job crafting. Unlike conventional employee engagement studies, which often conceptualize organizational loyalty as a relatively stable construct, this article argues that perceived organizational instability encourages employees to engage in career cushioning as a psychological self-protection mechanism, ultimately reducing their level of employee engagement. Furthermore, job crafting is proposed as a moderating variable that mitigates this negative relationship. Employees who proactively redefine their work tasks, interpersonal relationships, and the meaning of their work are expected to possess greater psychological resources, enabling them to remain engaged despite experiencing organizational uncertainty. This study employs a narrative literature review based on Job Insecurity Theory, Conservation of Resources Theory, the Job Demands–Resources Model, and Job Crafting Theory to develop a conceptual model consisting of five propositions for future empirical testing. The proposed framework contributes to the organizational behaviour and human resource management literature by extending the traditional concept of job insecurity to encompass more subtle and concealed defensive career behaviours. In addition, it offers practical implications for human resource practitioners in designing retention strategies and employee engagement initiatives that are better aligned with the challenges of an increasingly uncertain and dynamic work environment.

Ethical and Legal Perspectives on Voice Biometric Misidentification in Artificial Intelligence-Based Authentication Systems

Aser Heber Ginting — 2026-07-30

Voice biometric authentication has become an increasingly important component of artificial intelligence (AI)-based identity verification systems due to its convenience, scalability, and integration into digital services. However, the growing adoption of voice biometrics has also raised significant ethical and legal concerns, particularly regarding biometric misidentification caused by algorithmic bias, adversarial attacks, environmental noise, and demographic variability. This study examines the ethical and legal implications of voice biometric misidentification in AI-based authentication systems through a systematic literature review combined with comparative legal analysis. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies on AI-driven speaker recognition, biometric fairness, explainable AI, and international data protection regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act), and emerging biometric governance frameworks. The analysis identifies four critical challenges: algorithmic discrimination, insufficient transparency in AI decision-making, limitations in accountability for automated authentication errors, and inadequate protection of biometric privacy. Furthermore, the study proposes an integrated governance framework consisting of fairness-aware model development, explainable biometric decision mechanisms, continuous bias auditing, human oversight, and regulatory compliance to reduce the risk of voice biometric misidentification. The findings demonstrate that technological accuracy alone is insufficient to establish trustworthy biometric authentication; ethical principles and legal safeguards must be embedded throughout the AI system lifecycle to ensure fairness, accountability, transparency, and protection of individual rights. This research contributes to the development of responsible AI governance and provides practical recommendations for policymakers, technology developers, and organizations implementing AI-based voice biometric authentication systems.

The Influence of English Communication Competence and Learning Motivation on Employability Skills with Learning Engagement as a Mediating Variable

Arifin Arifin — 2026-07-31

This study aims to examine the effects of English Communication Competence and Learning Motivation on Employability Skills, with Learning Engagement serving as a mediating variable among Tax Accounting students at Universitas Pamulang. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey method. Data were collected from 50 undergraduate students through a structured questionnaire measured on a seven-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicate that English Communication Competence has a positive and significant effect on Employability Skills, while Learning Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Learning Engagement. However, English Communication Competence does not significantly affect Learning Engagement, Learning Engagement does not significantly affect Employability Skills, and Learning Motivation does not significantly affect Employability Skills. Furthermore, the mediation analysis reveals that Learning Engagement does not mediate the relationship between English Communication Competence and Employability Skills, nor the relationship between Learning Motivation and Employability Skills. These findings highlight that English communication competence is the primary determinant of students' employability skills, whereas learning motivation mainly contributes to increased learning engagement without directly enhancing employability. The study suggests that higher education institutions should strengthen English communication competence through workplace-oriented learning to better prepare graduates for the demands of the global labor market.

Financial Literacy and Consumer Behavior among University Students in the Digital Era

Yuliah Yuliah — 2026-07-30

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed students’ consumption patterns trought the widespread use of online marketplaces, social media, digital wallets, and cashless payment systems. While these innovations provide convenience in financial transactions, they also increase the risk of impulsive and consumptive spending among university students. This research aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy on students’ consumptive behavior in the digital era. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed involving 20 studentd from the Faculty of Economics and Management, Bina Bangsa University, who were selected trough purposive sampling. Data were collected ini September 2026 through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The finding reveal thet students generally possess a basic understanding of financial literacy, particularly in budgeting and saving. However, the implementation of financial knowledge in everyday financial decision-making remains inconsistent. Social media exposure, digital promotions, online marketplaces, and the convenience of digital payment systems encourage impulsive purchasing behavior and weaken financial self-control. The study concludes that financial literacy should be strengthened not only through the enhancement of financial knowledge but also through the development of practical financial skills, self-control, and responsible financial behavior to enable students to adapt effectively to the challenges of the digital era.

The Right to Education for Children with Special Needs: A Juridical Review of Implementation Challenges and the Fulfillment of Educational Rights in Indonesia

Liana Setiawati — 2026-08-06

Education is a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed equally to all children, including children with special needs (CSNs). Indonesia has established a comprehensive legal framework to protect the educational rights of CSNs through constitutional provisions, child protection legislation, disability laws, and policies promoting inclusive education. However, the implementation of these legal guarantees remains inconsistent due to disparities in accessibility, inadequate educational infrastructure, shortages of qualified teachers, social stigma, and unequal funding across regions. This study aims to analyze the juridical basis of the educational rights of children with special needs, examine the challenges in implementing inclusive education, and identify strategies to strengthen the fulfillment of these rights in Indonesia. The study employed a normative juridical approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from primary and secondary legal sources, including statutory regulations, government policies, scholarly books, and scientific journal articles, and were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that although Indonesia possesses a strong legal foundation supporting inclusive education, its implementation has not yet been fully effective. Major challenges include limited accessibility, inadequate disability-friendly facilities, insufficient numbers of Special Assistant Teachers, uneven policy implementation, and regional disparities in educational services. Strengthening policy implementation, increasing teacher recruitment and competency, improving cross-sector collaboration, and ensuring equitable funding allocation are essential to achieving inclusive, equitable, and high-quality education for children with special needs.

Ethical Artificial Intelligence Governance for Organizational Sustainability

Elina Adi Wijayanti — 2026-08-06

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation has significantly transformed the modern workplace by creating opportunities to improve organizational efficiency while simultaneously raising ethical challenges, including algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency, and accountability in decision-making processes. These developments require organizations to establish AI governance frameworks that not only promote technological innovation but also uphold ethical principles and organizational sustainability. This study aims to analyze the development of research on work ethics in the era of AI and automation, identify the major ethical challenges associated with AI implementation, and formulate organizational strategies for responsible AI governance. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to examine scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database published between 2020 and 2026. The findings indicate that AI implementation has reshaped workforce competency requirements, strengthened human–AI collaboration, and generated five major ethical issues: algorithmic bias, transparency, data privacy, accountability, and job security. To address these challenges, organizations should establish ethical AI governance through clear organizational policies, continuous digital competency development, the promotion of an ethical organizational culture, and transparent monitoring mechanisms. This study proposes a conceptual synthesis integrating work ethics, ethical AI governance, and organizational sustainability, providing theoretical insights and practical recommendations for organizations implementing responsible and sustainable AI technologies.

Educational Quality Assurance Systems as a Strategy for Improving the Quality of Educational Institutions: A Literature Review

Yunita Endra Megiati — 2026-08-08

Educational quality is a major determinant of national competitiveness in the global era. To respond to this challenge, educational institutions are required not only to provide education but also to ensure that educational processes are implemented effectively, efficiently, and in accordance with established quality standards. In this context, an educational quality assurance system serves as a strategic approach to ensuring that educational processes consistently meet predetermined standards. This article aims to comprehensively examine the concepts, principles, and implementation of educational quality assurance systems as a strategy for improving the quality of educational institutions. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing various reputable scientific sources, including international journal articles, academic books, and relevant educational policy documents. The literature search was conducted through scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords focused on quality assurance and educational quality management. The findings indicate that quality assurance systems play a crucial role in improving institutional quality through three main pillars: the implementation of rigorous quality standards, continuous evaluation mechanisms, and the development of a strong quality culture across all organizational elements. The effectiveness of quality assurance implementation depends not only on formal procedures but also on visionary leadership, the active participation of the entire academic community, and a strong commitment to the principle of continuous quality improvement. This principle enables educational institutions to adaptively improve curricula, learning processes, and organizational governance in response to changing stakeholder needs. Therefore, educational quality assurance systems constitute a strategic instrument that not only strengthens internal quality but also enhances institutional competitiveness at the global level.